https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12959/2857 2026-04-29T11:16:45Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12959/5673 Comparative evaluation of immunoassays for anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 against a commercial surrogate serological viral neutralization test in COVID-19 convalescent samples Leon, Segundo R.; Ceron, Willy M.; Alvarado, Jenny M.; Fernandez Bolivar, Lizette; Aguilar, Jose L.; Cordova, Belinda R.; Zapata, Roxana Objective: assess five EIA tests aimed to quantify specific antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and compared to a surrogate viral neutralization for assessing neutralizing antibodies. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study during the period from July to October 2020, in which the sera of 96 participants whose ages were between 18 and 65 years were evaluated, all recovered from COVID-19 and obtained between 28 and 212 days after the onset of symptoms. ELISA tests used for testing include measurement of total antibodies (IgG & IgM); IgG antibodies against S protein (IgG S1/S2, IgG S, IgG S-RBD); IgG antibodies against nucleocapsid antigens, and IgM antibodies against S-RBD antigen. Pearson's linear correlation coefficient was used to know the degree of correlation between the values of the viral neutralization antibody titer and the values of the titer level of antibodies evaluated by each of the immunoassays performed. Results: Of 96 participants, 46 were women (48%), with a mean age of 40.8 years. In the surrogate viral neutralization test, 85 samples (89.4%) were positive, and the positive neutralization rate ranged from 30% to 97%. In the correlation analysis to evaluate each of the tests that detect antibodies against the viral neutralization test, a positive correlation is observed in the tests for the detection of IgG antibodies against protein S, while the tests based on the detection of antibodies IgG against the nucleocapsid antigen showed a lower correlation. Conclusions: Correlation analysis between each EIA test against the surrogate viral neutralization test showed better results for IgG antibodies against protein S and this is used to measure immunogenicity at the time of vaccination. This study assures us that serological assays can be used to monitor neutralizing antibody responses. 2023-12-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12959/5183 Potenciales mecanismos de neuroinvasión del SARS-CoV-2: una revisión de la literatura actual Alarco, Rafael; Huarcaya-Victoria, Jeff Desde su inicio, en diciembre del 2019, la pandemia causada por el nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), ha infectado a más de 116 millones de personas. A las bien documentadas manifestaciones respiratorias causadas por el SARS-CoV-2, se está añadiendo un creciente número de manifestaciones neurológicas y psiquiátricas entre los pacientes afectados y sobrevivientes. En este artículo se revisan y describen los potenciales mecanismos de invasión del virus al sistema nervioso. Sobre la base de estudios precedentes en coronavirus similares (MERS-CoV y SARS-CoV) y la evidencia actual, se plantea que las posibles rutas de neuroinvasión que emplea el SARS-CoV-2 son la transneuronal (vía axonal retrógrada, a través de los nervios periféricos), la hematógena/linfática (libre a través de la sangre y linfa o en el interior de las células inmunes) y la digestiva (mediante disrupción de la barrera intestinal). Si bien es necesario conducir más investigaciones en varias áreas, dilucidar las rutas de neuroinvasión, así como las capacidades neurotrópicas del virus, son puntos de vital importancia para entender y tratar las múltiples manifestaciones neurológicas y psiquiátricas, así como las potenciales secuelas a largo plazo que los pacientes infectados puedan desarrollar.; Since its beginning, in December 2019, the pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 116 millions of people. In addition to the well-documented respiratory manifestations caused by SARS-CoV-2, an increasing number of neurological and psychiatric manifestations are being reported among affected individuals and survivors. In this article we describe the potential invasion mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 to the nervous system. On the basis of preceding studies on similar coronaviruses (MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV) and current evidence, three possible neuroinvasion routes used by SARS-CoV-2 are suggested: the transneuronal pathway (retrograde axonal pathway through the peripheral nerves), the hematogenous / lymphatic pathway (free through the blood and lymph or inside immune cells), and the digestive pathway (through disruption of the intestinal barrier). Although more research is needed in several areas, the elucidation of neuroinvasion routes and of the neurotropic capacities of the virus, are vital to understand and treat the multiple neurological and psychiatric manifestations as well as the long-term sequelae that the infected patients may potentially develop. 2021-04-08T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12959/5182 Transmisión de COVID-19 en el personal de salud del hospital Víctor Lazarte Echegaray de Trujillo Alfaro Angulo, Marco Antonio Objetivo: Describir las características de la transmisión de COVID-19 en el personal de salud del hospital Víctor Lazarte Echegaray de Trujillo. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo descriptivo. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante entrevistas, fichas clínico-epidemiológicas e historias clínicas. Se identificó al personal que atendió a los pacientes con COVID-19 y a quienes adquirieron la infección y desarrollaron síntomas. Los procedimientos realizados en los pacientes fueron registrados en una lista. Los casos se describen según tipo de personal de salud y semana epidemiológica. Las frecuencias absolutas y relativas, así como la tasa de ataque fueron determinadas. El Comité de Investigación y Ética del hospital aprobó el estudio. Resultados: Seis pacientes hospitalizados tuvieron el diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19. Todos ellos fueron atendidos por 45 trabajadores de la salud en procedimientos como hemodiálisis, ventilación mecánica, intubación orotraqueal, nebulización y endoscopía alta sin los equipos de protección personal. A consecuencia de ello, 38 individuos resultaron infectados y presentaron un cuadro clínico caracterizado por malestar general, tos, fiebre y dolor de garganta. Los médicos y las enfermeras fueron los trabajadores de salud más afectados. Conclusiones: La transmisión intrahospitalaria de COVID-19 en el personal de salud fue evidente. Los trabajadores más afectados fueron los médicos y las enfermeras. La tasa de ataque fue de 84,44 %.; Objective: To describe the characteristics of COVID-19 transmission among the health personnel. Materials and methods: A descriptive research was conducted. Data were collected through interviews, clinical-epidemiological records and medical records. The personnel who treated COVID-19 patients, and those who acquired the infection and developed symptoms were identified. The medical procedures undergone by the patients were listed. The cases were described according to the type of health personnel and epidemiological week. The absolute and relative frequencies, as well as the attack rate, were determined. The research was approved by the hospital’s research and ethics committee. Results: The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed in six hospitalized patients. All of them were treated by 45 health workers in procedures such as hemodialysis, mechanical ventilation, orotracheal intubation, nebulization and upper endoscopy with no personal protective equipment. As a result, 38 individuals were infected and developed symptoms, including malaise, cough, fever and sore throat. The most affected health workers were doctors and nurses. Conclusions: In-hospital transmission of COVID-19 was evident in the health personnel, affecting most frequently doctors and nurses. The attack rate accounted for 84.44 %. 2021-03-30T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12959/5167 Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on general surgery residency program in Peru: A cross-sectional study Huamanchumo-Suyon, Medalit E.; Urrunaga-Pastor, Diego; Ruiz-Perez, Pedro J.; Rodrigo-Gallardo, Paola K.; Toro-Huamanchumo, Carlos J. Background: General surgey is a specialty of high demand and relevance. We aimed to collect the opinions of the residents and their tutors and heads of department, regarding the impact that this COVID-19 pandemic is having - and will probably have - on the training of future general surgeons in Peru. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Lima, Peru. We surveyed residents of general surgery, as well as their tutors and heads of surgery departments from 14 Peruvian hospitals. Results: The impact of COVID-19 was considered severe in approximately 60% of first-year residents, 100% of second-year residents, 40% of third-year residents and about 80% of attending physicians. The 68.8% of the residents considered that the loss of surgical training opportunities during the pandemic would negatively affect their job performance. In addition, as of 03/16/2020, no residents had performed more than 25 elective surgeries, trauma surgeries or laparoscopic procedures. All the participants (including tutors and heads of departments) highlighted the need to extend the residency period. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the training of the general surgery residents. Deficiencies need to be identified in order to evaluate extending the period of the medical residency program in Peru. 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z