Espacio muerto y destete de ventilación mecánica invasiva en residentes de la gran altitud
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https://www.horizontemedico.usmp.edu.pe/index.php/horizontemed/article/view/958Date
2020-10Author(s)
Viruez Soto, José Antonio
Tinoco Solórzano, Amilcar
Cerezo Gonzales, Julian
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Dead space and weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation in high-altitude residents
Abstract
Estudio epidemiológico, observacional, analítico y prospectivo realizado en la Unidad de Terapia
Intensiva Adultos del Hospital del Norte de la ciudad de El Alto, Bolivia (4090 m s. n. m. y presión barométrica de 453 mmHg)
del 01 de noviembre de 2016 al 31 de marzo de 2017. Se estudiaron a los residentes de la gran altitud en ventilación mecánica
invasiva. Los criterios de inclusión fueron los siguientes: a) residentes de la altitud hospitalizados en la Unidad de Terapia
Intensiva en ventilación mecánica invasiva, b) pacientes con evidencia de resolución de la causa que motivó su conexión al
ventilador mecánico invasivo, c) paciente con criterios e índices de destete positivos, d) prueba de respiración espontanea
positivo. Las variables estudiadas fueron el espacio muerto a través de la fracción Vd/Vt y su relación con el éxito o fracaso
del proceso de destete de ventilación mecánica. Se calculó la fracción Vd/Vt en los pacientes incluidos en el estudio para
luego proceder al destete de la ventilación mecánica invasiva. Se dividió a los pacientes en dos grupos según la necesidad de
reintubación y reconexión al ventilador mecánico dentro de las 72 horas. Objective: To determine the predictive value of the dead space calculation through the dead space/tidal volume fraction at
weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients at high altitude.
Materials and methods: An epidemiological, observational, analytical and prospective study carried out in the Adult Intensive
Care Unit of the Hospital del Norte in the city of El Alto, Bolivia (4,090 m a.s.l.; barometric pressure: 453 mm Hg) from November
01, 2016 to March 31, 2017. High-altitude residents under invasive mechanical ventilation were studied. The inclusion criteria
were: a) Altitude residents hospitalized in the Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Therapy Intensive Care Unit. b) Patients with
evidence of resolution of the cause that prompted their connection to the invasive mechanical ventilator. c) Patients with
positive weaning criteria and rates. d) Positive spontaneous respiration test. The study variables were the dead space through
the Vd/Vt fraction and its relationship with the success or failure of the weaning process from mechanical ventilation.
The Vd/Vt fraction was calculated in the study patients and then weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation was
performed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the need for reintubation and reconnection to the
mechanical ventilator within 72 hours.
Results: Twenty-one (21) patients were included: 7 (33 %) women and 14 men (67 %). The mean age was 41 years with a standard
deviation of 22.38 years. Eighteen (18) patients (86 %) succeeded and 3 (14 %) failed in the weaning process from invasive
mechanical ventilation. The Vd/Vt values in the success and failure groups were 0.43 and 0.53 (p < 0.011109), respectively, with
a sensitivity of 0.61 and specificity of 1; a positive predictive value of 1 and a negative predictive value of 0.3.
Conclusions: The calculation of the dead space through the measurement of the dead space/tidal volume fraction predicts the
success of weaning of critically ill patients under invasive mechanical ventilation at high altitude.
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