Factores asociados a síndrome coronario agudo en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19

Abstract

Objetivo: Evaluar los factores asociados a síndrome coronario agudo (SICA) en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (Lima, Perú). Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles. Se captaron a 2 grupos de pacientes con relación al diagnóstico de SICA durante su hospitalización por COVID-19 en el periodo marzo 2020 a marzo 2021 (60 casos y 120 controles). Se midieron factores sociodemográficos, clínicos y datos relacionados al diagnóstico y hospitalización por COVID-19. Se evaluaron las asociaciones, y fuerza de asociación (OR), mediante análisis bivariados no paramétricos y de regresión logística. Resultados: En el análisis bivariado se observó que los antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, insuficiencia cardiaca, enfermedad coronaria, cáncer, síndrome coronario agudo previo se encontraron asociados a presentar SICA. Asimismo, durante la hospitalización se observó que la tos, cefalea, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, trastorno del sensorio, lóbulos afectados, troponinas, proteína C reactiva, neutrófilos, linfocitos y creatinina estuvieron asociados al evento. En el análisis multivariado solo se mantuvieron los antecedentes patológicos mencionados. Conclusión: Si bien la hospitalización por COVID-19 podría estar relacionada a una mayor frecuencia de SICA, los factores observados durante la hospitalización por COVID-19 no afectarían de forma importante a la aparición de SICA.

Objective: To evaluate the factors associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at the Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (Lima, Peru). Materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted, recruiting two groups of patients based on the diagnosis of ACS during their hospitalization for COVID-19 between March 2020 and March 2021 (60 cases and 120 controls). Sociodemographic and clinical factors and data related to the diagnosis and hospitalization for COVID-19 were measured. Associations and the strength of association (odds ratio, OR) were assessed using nonparametric bivariate analyzes and logistic regression. Results: In the bivariate analysis, it was observed that a history of arterial hypertension, heart failure, coronary disease, cancer, and previous acute coronary syndrome were found to be associated with presenting SICA (systemic inflammatory response syndrome in children and adolescents). Likewise, during hospitalization, it was observed that cough, headache, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, sensory disorder, affected lobes, troponins, C-reactive protein, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and creatinine were associated with the event. In the multivariate analysis, only the aforementioned pathological antecedents were maintained.Conclusion: Although hospitalization for COVID-19 could be related to a higher frequency of SICA, the factors observed during hospitalization for COVID-19 would not significantly affect the occurrence of SICA.