Factores de riesgo de mortalidad intrahospitalaria en adultos mayores. Hospital Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo

Abstract

Introducción: Con el continuo envejecimiento de la población se hace cada vez más importante poder determinar los factores de riesgo de mortalidad que afectan a los adultos mayores. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo para la mortalidad intrahospitalaria de adultos mayores en el Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo, 2012. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico de casos y controles. Los datos se recogieron manualmente de las historias clínicas y se vaciaron en una ficha de recolección de datos. Posteriormente fueron analizados a través de la prueba chi cuadrado, asumiendo un nivel se significancia de 0.05, los que resultaron estadísticamente significativos (p<0,05) fueron analizados nuevamente con OR. Resultados: Se encontraron como factores de riesgo: al diagnóstico principal de enfermedades infecciosas (OR = 3,348; IC99% = 1,554 – 7,210; p = 0,007), a la Neumonía Intrahospitalaria (OR = 10,545; IC99% = 2,797 – 39,757; p = 0,006), a la Arritmia Cardiaca (OR = 2,929; IC95% = 1,066 – 8,044; p = 0,032), en un hemograma de ingreso a los leucocitos ≥ 10 000/uL (OR = 2,480, IC95% = 1,193 – 5,158, p = 0,040), abastonados ≥ 4% (OR = 2,558; IC95%= 1,193 – 5,158; p= 0,016), segmentados ≥ 70 % (OR = 3,378; IC95% = 1,181 – 5,538; p = 0,008) y plaquetas < 150 000 (OR = 2,269; IC95% = 1,033 – 4,984; p = 0,039). Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo de mortalidad intrahospitalaria en adultos mayores en el Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo, durante el año 2012, están representados por los factores hospitalarios.

ABSTRACT Introduction: With the continued aging of the population, becomes increasingly important to determine the risk factors of mortality that affect elderly adults. Objective: To identify risk factors for hospital mortality of elderly people in Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo Hospital, 2012. Material and Methods: It was make an analytical case-control study. The data was manually collected from the medical histories and emptied in a data collection sheet. Then, they were analyzed by chi square test, assuming a significance level of 0.05, which were statistically significant (p <0.05) were analyzed again with OR. Results: There were found as risk factors: the primary diagnosis of infectious diseases (OR = 3.348; 99% CI = 1.554 to 7.210; p = 0.007), Nosocomial Pneumonia (OR = 10,545; 99% CI = 2.797 to 39.757; p = 0.006), Cardiac Arrhythmia (OR = 2,929; IC95% = 1,066 – 8,044; p = 0,032),in an complete blood count, leukocytes ≥ 10,000 / uL (OR = 2.480, 95% CI = 1.193 to 5.158, p = 0.040), band neutrophils ≥ 4% (OR = 2.558; 95% CI = 1.193 to 5.158; p = 0.016), segmented neutrophils ≥ 70% (OR = 3.378; 95% CI = 1.181 to 5.538; p = 0.008) and platelets <150,000 (OR = 2.269; 95% CI = 1.033 to 4.984; p = 0.039). Conclusions: The risk factors for mortality in elderly adults hospitalized in The Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo's National Hospital, during 2012, are represented by the hospital factors.